Amazon S3 Cross-Region Replication

What is Amazon S3?

Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is a scalable, high-speed, web-based cloud storage service. The service is designed for online backup and archiving of data and applications on Amazon Web Services (AWS). Amazon S3 was designed with a minimal feature set and created to make web-scale computing easier for developers.

How to Setup EC2 Instance

What is Amazon EC2 Instance?

Amazon EC2 provides a wide selection of instance types optimized to fit different use cases. Instance types comprise varying combinations of CPU, memory, storage, and networking capacity and give you the flexibility to choose the appropriate mix of resources for your applications. Each instance type includes one or more instance sizes, allowing you to scale your resources to the requirements of your target workload.

The instance will be charged per hour with different rates based on the type of instance chosen. AWS provides multiple instance types for the respective business needs of the user.
Thus, you can rent an instance based on your own CPU and memory requirements and use it as long as you want. You can terminate the instance when it’s no more used and save on costs. This is the most striking advantage of an on-demand instance- you can drastically save on your CAPEX.

Here is the full dedicated video-based upon "How to Create Amazon EC2 Instance"👇👇

Steps to Create Amazon EC2 Instance

1.    In EC2 go to the Instances

2.    And after that Click on Launch the Instance.

3.    Choose the Machine Image (AMI) you want.

4.    Choose the Instance Type you want.

5.    Configure the Instance Details

6.    Add Storage

7.    Add tags

8.    Configure Security Group

9.    Review and Launch, Here you can see the Detail of your Instance.

10.    If you are done with the Review, Now you can Simply launce the Instance

11.    Then your instance will start the launching

AWS Automation using Terraform

What is Terraform?

HashiCorp Terraform is an open-source infrastructure as code (IaC) software tool that allows DevOps engineers to programmatically provision the physical resources an application requires to run. Infrastructure as code is an IT practice that manages an application's underlying IT infrastructure through programming.

What is AWS Automation?

Automation, a capability of AWS Systems Manager, simplifies common maintenance and deployment tasks of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances and other AWS resources. ... Build automations to configure and manage instances and AWS resources.

Here is a full tutorial video (Concept + Demo) based on "How we can do AWS Automation using Terraform"👇👇

Resource: aws_launch_configuration

Provides a resource to create a new launch configuration, used for autoscaling groups.

Example Usage

data "aws_ami" "ubuntu" {
  most_recent = true

  filter {
    name   = "name"
    values = ["ubuntu/images/hvm-ssd/ubuntu-trusty-14.04-amd64-server-*"]
  }

  filter {
    name   = "virtualization-type"
    values = ["hvm"]
  }

  owners = ["099720109477"] # Canonical
}

resource "aws_launch_configuration" "as_conf" {
  name          = "web_config"
  image_id      = data.aws_ami.ubuntu.id
  instance_type = "t2.micro"
}

Using with AutoScaling Groups

Launch Configurations cannot be updated after creation with the Amazon Web Service API. In order to update a Launch Configuration, Terraform will destroy the existing resource and create a replacement. In order to effectively use a Launch Configuration resource with an AutoScaling Group resource, it's recommended to specify create_before_destroy in a lifecycle block. Either omit the Launch Configuration name attribute, or specify a partial name with name_prefix. Example:

data "aws_ami" "ubuntu" {
  most_recent = true

  filter {
    name   = "name"
    values = ["ubuntu/images/hvm-ssd/ubuntu-trusty-14.04-amd64-server-*"]
  }

  filter {
    name   = "virtualization-type"
    values = ["hvm"]
  }

  owners = ["099720109477"] # Canonical
}

resource "aws_launch_configuration" "as_conf" {
  name_prefix   = "terraform-lc-example-"
  image_id      = data.aws_ami.ubuntu.id
  instance_type = "t2.micro"

  lifecycle {
    create_before_destroy = true
  }
}

resource "aws_autoscaling_group" "bar" {
  name                 = "terraform-asg-example"
  launch_configuration = aws_launch_configuration.as_conf.name
  min_size             = 1
  max_size             = 2

  lifecycle {
    create_before_destroy = true
  }
}

With this setup Terraform generates a unique name for your Launch Configuration and can then update the AutoScaling Group without conflict before destroying the previous Launch Configuration.

What is Amazon Aurora and How it's Work?

What is Amazon Aurora?

Amazon Aurora is a MySQL and PostgreSQL-compatible relational database built for the cloud, that combines the performance and availability of traditional enterprise databases with the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of open source databases.

Amazon Aurora is up to five times faster than standard MySQL databases and three times faster than standard PostgreSQL databases. Amazon Aurora is fully managed by Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS), which automates time-consuming administration tasks like hardware provisioning, database setup, patching, and backups.

Amazon Aurora features a distributed, fault-tolerant, self-healing storage system that auto-scales up to 128TB per database instance. It delivers high performance and availability with up to 15 low-latency read replicas, point-in-time recovery, continuous backup to Amazon S3, and replication across three Availability Zones (AZs).

Here is a full tutorial video (Overview + Demo) based on AWS Aurora👇👇

Features of Amazon Aurora

• Scalability
• High throughput
• Instance monitoring and repair
• Encryption
• Easy to use
• Cost-effective
• Migration support
• Fully Managed

Amazon Aurora DB Cluster

Amazon Aurora DB cluster is a virtual database storage volume that spans multiple availability zones. Each Amazon Aurora Database Cluster is made up of two or more DB instances and a cluster volume that primarily manages the data for those DB instances. The following are the two types of DB instances that make up an Amazon Aurora Cluster: 

• Primary DB instance: This type of DB instance supports read and write operations and performs all data modifications to the cluster volume. Each Aurora DB cluster has one primary DB instance. 
• Aurora Replica: Unlike the primary DB instance, Aurora Replica only supports read operations. It is connected to the same storage volume as the primary DB instance. By locating Aurora Replicas in separate availability zones, high availability can be maintained.

Amazon Aurora Pricing

Amazon Aurora is paying as you go. It is comprised of 3 parts:

1. Hosting. You can choose from 3 different types of hosting depending on your needs
2. Storage and Operations. Storage is billed per gigabyte per month, and I/O is billed per million-request
3. Data transferred

What is the difference between Amazon RDS Read Replicas vs Multi AZ

What is Relational Database Service (RDS)

Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) makes it easy to set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud. 

It provides cost-efficient and resizable capacity while automating time-consuming administration tasks such as hardware provisioning, database setup, patching and backups. 

It frees you to focus on your applications so you can give them the fast performance, high availability, security, and compatibility they need.

Here is the full dedicated video on this topic👇👇

What is Amazon RDS Read Replicas?

The read replica operates as a DB instance that allows only read-only connections. Applications connect to a read replica the same way they do to any DB instance. Amazon RDS replicates all databases in the source DB instance. The Oracle DB engine supports replica databases in mounted mode.

What is Amazon RDS Multi AZ?

RDS Multi-AZ. Amazon RDS Multi-AZ deployments provide enhanced availability for database instances within a single AWS Region. With Multi-AZ, your data is synchronously replicated to a standby instance in a different AZ.

What is AWS RDS (Relational Database Services)

What is AWS?

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform, offering over 200 fully-featured services from data centers globally. Millions of customers—including the fastest-growing startups, largest enterprises, and leading government agencies—are using AWS to lower costs, become more agile, and innovate faster.

What is Amazon RDS?

Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) is a managed SQL database service provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS). Amazon RDS supports an array of database engines to store and organize data. It also helps with relational database management tasks, such as data migration, backup, recovery, and patching.

Here is a fully dedicated video on AWS RDS (Relational Database Services)

Amazon RDS facilitates the deployment and maintenance of relational databases in the cloud. A cloud administrator uses Amazon RDS to set up, operate, manage and scale a relational instance of a cloud database. Amazon RDS is not itself a database; it is a service used to manage relational databases.

What are the benefits of AWS RDS?

The main benefit of Amazon RDS is that it helps organizations deal with the complexity of managing large relational databases. Other benefits include the following:

• Ease of use. Admins don't need to learn specific database management tools. They also can manage multiple database instances using the management console. RDS is compatible with database engines that users may already be familiar with, such as MySQL and Oracle And it automates manual backup and recovery processes.
• Cost-effectiveness. According to AWS, customers only pay for what they use. Also, the time spent maintaining instances is reduced, because maintenance tasks, such as backups and patching, are automated.
• The use of read replicas routes read-heavy traffic away from the main database instance, reducing the workload on that one instance.
• RDS splits up compute and storage so admins can scale them independently.

What is EKS and How we can create Kubernetes cluster on Amazon EKS ?

 What is EKS?

AWS EKS is a Managed Kubernetes Service from Amazon, which means AWS manages the Master Nodes for you. All the necessary applications/services are already pre-installed like the container runtime or master processes and in addition, it also takes care of scaling and backups. 👍
You only create the Worker Nodes.

If you want to learn in detail you can refer video below👇👇

How to use Cluster

To create a K8s cluster in EKS you need to do following steps: 1) Setup or preparation steps - create an AWS account - create a VPC - virtual private space - create an IAM role with Security Group (or in other words: create AWS user with list of permissions) 2) Create Cluster Control Plane - Master Nodes - choose basic information like cluster name and k8s version - choose region and VPC for your cluster - set security 3) Create Worker Nodes and connect to cluster The Worker Nodes are some EC2 instances with CPU and storage resources. - Create as a Node Group - Choose cluster it will attach to - Define Security Group, select instance type etc. With NodeGroup you have autoscaling, which means based on your needs depending on how much load the cluster has new Worker Nodes will automatically added or removed in the cluster. - For that you need to define max and minimum number of Nodes.

-------- Complex, but powerful and popular --------

You're right, that's a lot of effort for just creating a simple Kubernetes cluster. Compared to other managed Kubernetes services, like DigitalOcean or Linode it's more complex. So, how to do it, when you just want to create a cluster and start deploying your containers inside as fast as possible. Instead of doing all those steps manually, there is a faster and more efficient way.

Create and activate a new Amazon Web Services account

Create AWS Free account

1. Go to the Amazon Web Services home page.
2. Choose Sign Up.
   Note: If you've signed in to AWS recently, the button might say Sign In to the Console.
3. Enter your account information, and then choose Continue.
   Important: Be sure that you enter your account information correctly, especially your email address. If you enter your email address incorrectly, you won't be able to access your account. If Create a new AWS account isn't visible, first choose Sign in to a different account, and then choose to Create a new AWS account.
4. Choose Personal or Professional.
   Note: Personal accounts and professional accounts have the same features and functions.
5. Enter your company or personal information.
6. Read and accept the AWS Customer Agreement.
   Note: Be sure that you read and understand the terms of the AWS Customer Agreement.
7. Choose Create Account and Continue.

You receive an email to confirm that your account is created. You can sign in to your new account using the email address and password you supplied. However, you can't use AWS services until you finish activating your account.

Add a payment method

On the Payment Information page, enter the information about your payment method, and then choose Secure Submit.

Note: If you want to use a different address for your AWS account, choose to Use a new address before you choose Secure Submit.

Verify your phone number

1. Choose whether you want to verify your account by Text message (SMS) or a voice call.
2. Choose your country or region code from the list.
3. Enter a phone number where you can be reached in the next few minutes.
4. Enter the code displayed in the captcha.
5. When you're ready, choose to Contact me. In a few moments, an automated system will contact you.
   Note: If you chose to verify your account by SMS, choose to Send SMS instead.
6. Enter the PIN you receive by text message or voice call, and then choose Continue.

Reference:
https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/create-and-activate-aws-account/